Ok, we could get extremely technical about this, but let's try the easy way first.
Add a Channel Mixer adjustment layer, click "Monochrome", and enter 0/+100/0. Then begin carefully masking to every ball.
Then, you can roughly draw a marquee selection around a ball, add a Solid Color layer of a colour you desire, and change its blend mode to "Multiply", then Cmd Opt G to clip it to the Channel Mixer layer. If there are any other balls you want of that colour, roughly paint on the mask over those balls too. Then make a new layer for the next colour, and so on.